Download Rebel Genius: Warren S. McCulloch's Transdisciplinary Life in Science (The MIT Press)
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Rebel Genius: Warren S. McCulloch's Transdisciplinary Life in Science (The MIT Press)
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The life and work of a scientist who spent his career crossing disciplinary boundaries―from experimental neurology to psychiatry to cybernetics to engineering.Warren S. McCulloch (1898–1969) adopted many identities in his scientific life―among them philosopher, poet, neurologist, neurophysiologist, neuropsychiatrist, collaborator, theorist, cybernetician, mentor, engineer. He was, writes Tara Abraham in this account of McCulloch's life and work, “an intellectual showman,†and performed this part throughout his career. While McCulloch claimed a common thread in his work was the problem of mind and its relationship to the brain, there was much more to him than that. In Rebel Genius, Abraham uses McCulloch's life as a window on a past scientific age, showing the complex transformations that took place in American brain and mind science in the twentieth century―particularly those surrounding the cybernetics movement.Abraham describes McCulloch's early work in neuropsychiatry, and his emerging identity as a neurophysiologist. She explores his transformative years at the Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute and his work with Walter Pitts―often seen as the first iteration of “artificial intelligence†but here described as stemming from the new tradition of mathematical treatments of biological problems. Abraham argues that McCulloch's dual identities as neuropsychiatrist and cybernetician are inseparable. He used the authority he gained in traditional disciplinary roles as a basis for posing big questions about the brain and mind as a cybernetician. When McCulloch moved to the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT, new practices for studying the brain, grounded in mathematics, philosophy, and theoretical modeling, expanded the relevance and ramifications of his work. McCulloch's transdisciplinary legacies anticipated today's multidisciplinary field of cognitive science.
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Product details
Series: The MIT Press
Hardcover: 320 pages
Publisher: The MIT Press; 1 edition (October 28, 2016)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 026203509X
ISBN-13: 978-0262035095
Product Dimensions:
6 x 0.9 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 2.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.0 out of 5 stars
1 customer review
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#2,154,255 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Warren McCulloch was one of the several thinkers in the field of what was and to some degree still is called Cybernetics. Norbert Wiener was the shining star when I first became exposed to the ideas in the early 60s at MIT and McCulloch by that time was I believe located at the other end of my building, Building 20, along with his colleague such as Jerry Letvin. Whereas Wiener was a mathematician and philosopher and also a sometimes engineer, McCulloch was a physician and philosopher and a sometimes neurophysiologist. The period between the 1940s and the mid 1960s saw an explosion in applying mathematics to various physical phenomenon. Shannon developed Information Theory as a recognition of a coming digital world and the need to understand how well these digits could perform in what was a noisy environment. The result was Shannon's Channel and Source Coding Theorems, namely how fast you could use a given channel and how small a number of bits you could reduce a piece of information. Wiener on the other hand saw a predominantly analog world and his paradigm was the construct of feedback in an uncertain environment.Wiener's problems were epitomized in my view by two embodiments. The first was the development of gun tracking radars to predict where a plane would be and aim accordingly and the second the Boston Arm, the first embodiment of analog feedback in a human environment enabling an amputee to regain some semblance of use of facilities.Into that world came McCulloch. He was examining neurons, the brain, and how that could be modelled using the general ideas of Cybernetics. In his approach, he and his students sought to take what was then known of the brain, mostly from inferential experiments on animals, many being dogs, and from the expanding body of histological insights starting in many ways with Cajal. McCulloch was charismatic and affable and had a way of bonding with his students. Wiener was sometimes problematic, a true genius, at times insecure, but always pushing the envelope of thought.The book by Abraham is an attempt to explain McCulloch. This book has strong points and unfortunately in my opinion many weak ones. Overall it covers McCulloch's life in an organized and readable manner. It focuses on his works in a general sense and it explains the world around McCulloch.Unfortunately, the book reads like a slightly edited Doctoral Thesis. One does not get to understand the world in which McCulloch worked in nor is there any reasonable discussion of his specific contributions. The twenty years at MIT are presented but one walks away wondering what he may have accomplished there. It would appear that when he arrived he ceased his experimental work and focused solely on mentoring students.One of the areas I would certainly like to have seen discussed was the apparent strain between he and Wiener. What had happened and why. Admittedly Wiener may have been difficult from time to time, as had been Noted by Wiesner, yet he had the ideas and he had a platform.The author should have spent time discussing in a readable manner what the work entailed, what Letvin added, what was the contribution of Minsky, of Papert, Perceptrons and the evolution of Artificial Intelligence. One key question would have been: what is the structure of human thought versus the construct of a thinking machine? Was AI in this time an attempt to reconstruct the human brain, by first understanding it, or the attempt to construct machines that do things like a human, like pattern recognition.Regrettably, I was left asking more questions than having insight. I am old enough to have seen these great ocean liners passing in the night but young enough to not fully understand their time and circumstances. Overall the book is a reasonable attempt but it should in my opinion have dealt more deeply with the other players as well as the fundamental questions.
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